Heart sounds are produced from a specific cardiac event such as closure of a valve or tensing of a chordae tendineae. Many pathologic cardiac conditions can be diagnosed by auscultation of the heart ...

The S3 heart sound occurs as the mitral valve opens and allows blood to fill the left ventricle passively. The sound happens as a result of blood striking the left ventricle during early diastole. An ...

An S4 heart sound is a low-pitched sound that occurs toward the end of the diastole. In some cases, an underlying health condition, often one affecting the left ventricle, may cause the S4 heart sound ...

The first heart sound (S1) results from the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves. The sound produced by the closure of the mitral valve is termed M1, and the sound produced by closure of the ...

IT IS possible that the existence of the heart sounds was known to Hippocrates 1 and even that he made use of his knowledge for diagnostic purposes, but William Harvey 2 seems to have been the first ...

The independent prognostic value of elevated jugular venous pressure or a third heart sound in patients with heart failure is not well established. In patients with heart failure, elevated jugular ...